Marathoners by nation

Athletes have competed as independent Olympians at the Olympic Games for various reasons, including political transition and international sanctions. The naming and country code conventions for these independent Olympians have not been consistent.

At the Barcelona 1992 Olympics, athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Macedonia competed as "Independent Olympic Participants". Macedonian athletes could not appear under their own flag because their National Olympic Committee had not been formed. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) was under United Nations sanctions which prevented the country from taking part in the Olympics. However, individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as independent Olympians. No marathoners were among this team.

At the Sydney 2000 Olympics, four athletes from East Timor competed as "Individual Olympic Athletes" during the country's transition to independence.

At the London 2012 Olympics, four athletes competed as "Independent Olympic Athletes". After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles and subsequent withdrawal of the country's National Olympic Committee, athletes from the country who qualified for the Games were allowed to compete independently. The National Olympic Committee for South Sudan was not established between the formation of that State and the 2012 Olympic qualifying. Athletes from Kuwait were originally allowed to compete as independent Olympians as well, because their National Olympic Committee was suspended; however, the Committee was reinstated allowing the athletes to compete under their own flag.

Independent Olympic Athletes	M	Calisto	da Costa	Sydney 2000	2:33:11	71
Independent Olympic Athletes	M	Guor	Marial	London 2012	2:19:32	47

Independent Olympic Athletes	F	Aguida	Amaral	Sydney 2000	3:10:55	43

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Marathoners by nation

Marathon medals